<i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> HHuMin-U Activates Innate Immune Defense against Norovirus Infection through TBK1-IRF3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Identification and Characterization of MAVS, a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein that Activates NF-κB and IRF3

Viral infection triggers host innate immune responses through activation of the transcription factors NFB and IRF3, which coordinately regulate the expression of type-I interferons such as interferon(IFN). Herein, we report the identification of a novel protein termed MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling), which mediates the activation of NFB and IRF3 in response to viral infection. Silencin...

TRIM11 Negatively Regulates IFNβ Production and Antiviral Activity by Targeting TBK1

The innate immune response is a host defense mechanism against infection by viruses and bacteria. Type I interferons (IFNα/β) play a crucial role in innate immunity. If not tightly regulated under normal conditions and during immune responses, IFN production can become aberrant, leading to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we identified TRIM11 (tripartite motif containing 11)...

SnapShot: NF-κB Signaling Pathways

RelAp43, a Member of the NF-κB Family Involved in Innate Immune Response against Lyssavirus Infection

NF-κB transcription factors are crucial for many cellular processes. NF-κB is activated by viral infections to induce expression of antiviral cytokines. Here, we identified a novel member of the human NF-κB family, denoted RelAp43, the nucleotide sequence of which contains several exons as well as an intron of the RelA gene. RelAp43 is expressed in all cell lines and tissues tested and exhibits...

Shigella dysenteriae infection activates proinflammatory response through β-catenin/NF-κB signaling pathway

Shigella dysenteriae (S.dysenteriae) the causative agent of bacillary dysentery invades the human colonic epithelium resulting in severe intestinal inflammatory response and epithelial destruction. However, the mechanism by which S.dysenteriae infection regulates proinflammatory cytokines during intestinal inflammation is still obscure. In this study, we evaluated whether the interaction of β-c...